Tayyar.

DE flag Germany party

Social Democratic Party of Germany

الحزب الاشتراكي الديمقراطي الألماني

liberal reference anchor - governing window 2021-2025 (Scholz cabinet, 8 Dec 2021 - 5 May 2025; coalition collapsed 6 Nov 2024, caretaker until Merz cabinet)

Family
leftist socdem
Standing
Opposition (major)
Review
Unverified
Founded
1863

Position

No position assigned yet for this party.

How to cite

Each record carries a retrieval date because the dataset is live — individual entries update as verification deepens. Use the per-record citation when referencing this specific profile; use the dataset citation below when referencing the project as a whole.

In-text: (Gara, 2026)

Per-record citation

APA 7Reference list · academic default 
Gara, T. (2026). Social Democratic Party of Germany [Party profile]. Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset. Retrieved July 26, 2026, from https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/p/spd-de
Chicago author-dateCommon in political-science journals 
Gara, Tarek. 2026. "Social Democratic Party of Germany." Party profile, Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset. Accessed July 26, 2026. https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/p/spd-de.
BibTeXFor LaTeX / Zotero / reference managers 
@misc{tayyar-spd-de,
  title     = {{Social Democratic Party of Germany}},
  author    = {Gara, Tarek},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset},
  type      = {Party profile},
  url       = {https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/p/spd-de},
  urldate   = {2026-07-26},
  note      = {First-pass entry; second-pass external review planned before publication.}
}

Dataset / working-paper citation

If you're citing Tayyar as a project rather than this individual record.

APA 7Preprint 
Gara, T. (2026). Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset [Preprint]. Retrieved July 26, 2026, from https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/paper
BibTeXPreprint 
@unpublished{tayyar-preprint,
  title  = {{Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset}},
  author = {Gara, Tarek},
  year   = {2026},
  type   = {Preprint},
  url    = {https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/paper},
  urldate = {2026-07-26},
  note   = {Living document, regenerated from the live dataset on page load.}
}

First-pass entry; second-pass external review planned before publication.