Bahrain normalizes relations with Israel under the Abraham Accords

King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa agreed to normalize Bahrain's relations with Israel in a deal announced on 11 September 2020 and signed in Washington on 15 September 2020, making Bahrain the fourth Arab state — and second within a month — to recognize Israel. The move, closely coordinated with Saudi Arabia and the UAE, broke the Gulf consensus linking recognition to Palestinian statehood.

Referenced entities

Politicians

King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa head-of-state

Sources

Permalink: https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/pulse/871f4054-e9d8-4589-86c6-160296bfbf41

How to cite

Each record carries a retrieval date because the dataset is live — individual entries update as verification deepens. Use the per-record citation when referencing this specific profile; use the dataset citation below when referencing the project as a whole.

In-text: (Gara, 2026)

Per-record citation

APA 7Reference list · academic default

Gara, T. (2026). Bahrain normalizes relations with Israel under the Abraham Accords [Event record]. Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset. Retrieved July 27, 2026, from https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/pulse/871f4054-e9d8-4589-86c6-160296bfbf41

Chicago author-dateCommon in political-science journals

Gara, Tarek. 2026. "Bahrain normalizes relations with Israel under the Abraham Accords." Event record, Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset. Accessed July 27, 2026. https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/pulse/871f4054-e9d8-4589-86c6-160296bfbf41.

BibTeXFor LaTeX / Zotero / reference managers

@misc{tayyar-event-871f4054-e9d8-4589-86c6-160296bfbf41,
  title     = {{Bahrain normalizes relations with Israel under the Abraham Accords}},
  author    = {Gara, Tarek},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset},
  type      = {Event record},
  url       = {https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/pulse/871f4054-e9d8-4589-86c6-160296bfbf41},
  urldate   = {2026-07-27},
  note      = {Event date: 2020-09-15. First-pass entry; second-pass external review planned before publication.}
}

Dataset / working-paper citation

If you're citing Tayyar as a project rather than this individual record.

APA 7Preprint

Gara, T. (2026). Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset [Preprint]. Retrieved July 27, 2026, from https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/paper

BibTeXPreprint

@unpublished{tayyar-preprint,
  title  = {{Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset}},
  author = {Gara, Tarek},
  year   = {2026},
  type   = {Preprint},
  url    = {https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/paper},
  urldate = {2026-07-27},
  note   = {Living document, regenerated from the live dataset on page load.}
}

Event date: 2020-09-15. First-pass entry; second-pass external review planned before publication.