Mohammed VI defuses the Arab Spring with the 2011 constitution

Responding to the February 20 protest movement, King Mohammed VI offered a new constitution approved by referendum on 1 July 2011 (officially 98.5% yes). It required the king to name a prime minister from the largest parliamentary party and handed over some powers, while keeping the monarch central. The managed reform — coupled with spending — splintered the protest movement and let the monarchy ride out the Arab Spring intact.

Referenced entities

Politicians

King Mohammed VI head-of-state

Sources

Permalink: https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/pulse/9cebc2aa-6062-44a7-85dc-21c488a7e1e5

How to cite

Each record carries a retrieval date because the dataset is live — individual entries update as verification deepens. Use the per-record citation when referencing this specific profile; use the dataset citation below when referencing the project as a whole.

In-text: (Gara, 2026)

Per-record citation

APA 7Reference list · academic default

Gara, T. (2026). Mohammed VI defuses the Arab Spring with the 2011 constitution [Event record]. Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset. Retrieved July 27, 2026, from https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/pulse/9cebc2aa-6062-44a7-85dc-21c488a7e1e5

Chicago author-dateCommon in political-science journals

Gara, Tarek. 2026. "Mohammed VI defuses the Arab Spring with the 2011 constitution." Event record, Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset. Accessed July 27, 2026. https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/pulse/9cebc2aa-6062-44a7-85dc-21c488a7e1e5.

BibTeXFor LaTeX / Zotero / reference managers

@misc{tayyar-event-9cebc2aa-6062-44a7-85dc-21c488a7e1e5,
  title     = {{Mohammed VI defuses the Arab Spring with the 2011 constitution}},
  author    = {Gara, Tarek},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset},
  type      = {Event record},
  url       = {https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/pulse/9cebc2aa-6062-44a7-85dc-21c488a7e1e5},
  urldate   = {2026-07-27},
  note      = {Event date: 2011-07-01. First-pass entry; second-pass external review planned before publication.}
}

Dataset / working-paper citation

If you're citing Tayyar as a project rather than this individual record.

APA 7Preprint

Gara, T. (2026). Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset [Preprint]. Retrieved July 27, 2026, from https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/paper

BibTeXPreprint

@unpublished{tayyar-preprint,
  title  = {{Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset}},
  author = {Gara, Tarek},
  year   = {2026},
  type   = {Preprint},
  url    = {https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/paper},
  urldate = {2026-07-27},
  note   = {Living document, regenerated from the live dataset on page load.}
}

Event date: 2011-07-01. First-pass entry; second-pass external review planned before publication.