Billionaire Rafik Hariri becomes PM and rebuilds postwar Lebanon

Self-made construction billionaire Rafik Hariri became prime minister of Lebanon in October 1992 (serving 1992–1998 and 2000–2004), driving the reconstruction of Beirut's war-shattered centre through the Solidere company and large-scale borrowing. His tenure rebuilt the country physically but loaded it with the public debt that underlies Lebanon's later financial collapse, and was conducted under Syrian tutelage he increasingly resisted.

Referenced entities

Politicians

Rafik Hariri head-of-government

Sources

Permalink: https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/pulse/b7efbb7f-8a21-4b70-9eb2-456101ba7421

How to cite

Each record carries a retrieval date because the dataset is live — individual entries update as verification deepens. Use the per-record citation when referencing this specific profile; use the dataset citation below when referencing the project as a whole.

In-text: (Gara, 2026)

Per-record citation

APA 7Reference list · academic default

Gara, T. (2026). Billionaire Rafik Hariri becomes PM and rebuilds postwar Lebanon [Event record]. Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset. Retrieved July 27, 2026, from https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/pulse/b7efbb7f-8a21-4b70-9eb2-456101ba7421

Chicago author-dateCommon in political-science journals

Gara, Tarek. 2026. "Billionaire Rafik Hariri becomes PM and rebuilds postwar Lebanon." Event record, Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset. Accessed July 27, 2026. https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/pulse/b7efbb7f-8a21-4b70-9eb2-456101ba7421.

BibTeXFor LaTeX / Zotero / reference managers

@misc{tayyar-event-b7efbb7f-8a21-4b70-9eb2-456101ba7421,
  title     = {{Billionaire Rafik Hariri becomes PM and rebuilds postwar Lebanon}},
  author    = {Gara, Tarek},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset},
  type      = {Event record},
  url       = {https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/pulse/b7efbb7f-8a21-4b70-9eb2-456101ba7421},
  urldate   = {2026-07-27},
  note      = {Event date: 1992-10-31. First-pass entry; second-pass external review planned before publication.}
}

Dataset / working-paper citation

If you're citing Tayyar as a project rather than this individual record.

APA 7Preprint

Gara, T. (2026). Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset [Preprint]. Retrieved July 27, 2026, from https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/paper

BibTeXPreprint

@unpublished{tayyar-preprint,
  title  = {{Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset}},
  author = {Gara, Tarek},
  year   = {2026},
  type   = {Preprint},
  url    = {https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/paper},
  urldate = {2026-07-27},
  note   = {Living document, regenerated from the live dataset on page load.}
}

Event date: 1992-10-31. First-pass entry; second-pass external review planned before publication.