Muammar Gaddafi — The Green Book, Part Three: "The Social Basis of the Third Universal Theory" (c. 1979): nationalism as the dynamic force of history; the nation as the political "umbrella" superseding tribalism; the declared equality of man and woman. [Third pillar — distinct SOCIAL / national-identity axis, vs the existing Part One (political) and Part Two (economic) docs.]

The social factor, the national factor, is the dynamic force of human history. The social bond, which binds together human communities from the family through the tribe to the nation, is the basis for the movement of history.

Nationalism, then, is the base upon which one nation emerges.

The nation is the individual's national political "umbrella"; it is wider than the social "umbrella" provided by the tribe to its members. Tribalism damages nationalism because tribal allegiance weakens national loyalty and flourishes at its expense.

It is an undisputed fact that both man and woman are human beings. It follows, as a self-evident fact, that woman and man are equal as human beings. Discrimination against woman by man is a flagrant act of oppression without justification […]

[THIRD DOCUMENT for Muammar Gaddafi, covering a DISTINCT axis from his existing two: Part One of the Green Book is his POLITICAL theory ("The Authority of the People" — direct/popular democracy) and Part Two is his ECONOMIC theory ("The Solution of the Economic Problem: Socialism" — abolition of wage-labour). This is Part Three, "THE SOCIAL BASIS of the Third Universal Theory," his SOCIAL / national-identity doctrine. Source: the official English translation of his Arabic manifesto, reproduced on marxists.org; tier-2; all four passages confirmed verbatim against the fetched page; the straight quotation marks around "umbrella" are as on the page; the final passage is truncated mid-sentence at the verified boundary, marked […]. published_date left NULL because Part Three's year is variously cited (c. 1979–1981).] The foundational SOCIAL doctrine of Muammar Gaddafi — ruler of Libya 1969–2011 — as set out in Part Three of The Green Book. Its core thesis is that the NATION (nationalism), built up through the social bond of family → tribe → nation, is "the dynamic force of human history" and the basis of society and politics: "Nationalism, then, is the base upon which one nation emerges." He ranks the nation above the tribe — "The nation is the individual's national political 'umbrella'… Tribalism damages nationalism because tribal allegiance weakens national loyalty" — a declared NATIONALISM-OVER-TRIBALISM position central to his anti-tribal, pan-Arab/African state-building. He also declares the formal EQUALITY of the sexes: "both man and woman are human beings… woman and man are equal as human beings. Discrimination against woman by man is a flagrant act of oppression." [Axes: national-identity / nationalism (the nation and the national bond as the basis of history and society; nationalism over sub-national/tribal loyalty), social-organization (family → tribe → nation as the structure of society; anti-tribalism), gender / women's-status (declared man-woman equality; discrimination as oppression — his stated position), regime-ideology (the "Third Universal Theory" as an integral political-economic-social doctrine, here the social pillar). NOTE: a declared-doctrine document; this is Gaddafi's stated social theory as written, not an assessment of the Libyan state's record.]