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Mohamed Morsi — Constitutional Declaration of 22 Nov 2012, Article 2 (presidential declarations/laws/decrees made final and immune from any judicial appeal until a new constitution and parliament) and Article 6 (sweeping powers to "protect the revolution"). Decree text quoted verbatim by Human Rights Watch (Arabic), cross-confirmed against Marefa's full reproduction.
Politician: Mohamed Morsi
Original source: https://www.hrw.org/ar/news/2012/11/26/248124
Content
الإعلانات الدستورية والقوانين والقرارات السابقة الصادرة عن رئيس الجمهورية منذ توليه السلطة في 30 يونيو 2012 وحتى نفاذ الدستور وانتخاب مجلس شعب جديد تكون نهائية ونافذة بذاتها غير قابلة للطعن عليها بأي طريق وأمام أية جهة كما لا يجوز التعرض لقراراته بوقف التنفيذ أو الإلغاء وتنقضي جميع الدعاوى المتعلقة بها والمنظورة أمام أية جهة قضائية
لرئيس الجمهورية إذا قام خطر يهدد ثورة 25 يناير أو حياة الأمة أو الوحدة الوطنية أو سلامة الوطن أو يعوق مؤسسات الدولة عن أداء دورها أن يتخذ الإجراءات والتدابير الواجبة لمواجهة هذا الخطر على النحو الذي ينظمه القانون English translation
Behavioral conduct-axis record for Mohamed Morsi (and the Muslim Brotherhood / FJP in power): two key articles of the Constitutional Declaration he issued on 22 November 2012. The text is quoted verbatim by Human Rights Watch — which condemned the declaration for placing the president's decisions beyond judicial review and thereby "undermining the rule of law in Egypt" — and is cross-confirmed against the full decree text reproduced by the Marefa encyclopedia. (HRW report published 26 November 2012; the declaration triggered the mass protests that culminated in Morsi's removal.) Translation: Article 2 — "The constitutional declarations, laws and decrees previously issued by the President of the Republic since he assumed power on 30 June 2012, and until the constitution comes into force and a new House of Representatives is elected, shall be final and self-executing, not subject to appeal by any means or before any body; nor may his decisions be made subject to suspension or cancellation; and all lawsuits relating to them that are pending before any judicial body shall be extinguished." Article 6 — "Should there arise a danger threatening the 25 January Revolution, the life of the nation, national unity, the safety of the homeland, or obstructing the state institutions from performing their role, the President of the Republic may take the necessary measures and procedures to confront that danger, in the manner regulated by law." [Axes: democracy (executive placed beyond judicial review), civil-liberties (HRW notes the immunised "Protection of the Revolution" law criminalised political expression and assembly), regime-stance.]
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In-text
(Morsi, 2012) Morsi, M.. (2012). Mohamed Morsi — Constitutional Declaration of 22 Nov 2012, Article 2 (presidential declarations/laws/decrees made final and immune from any judicial appeal until a new constitution and parliament) and Article 6 (sweeping powers to "protect the revolution"). Decree text quoted verbatim by Human Rights Watch (Arabic), cross-confirmed against Marefa's full reproduction. [Original language: AR]. hrw.org. Retrieved June 22, 2026, from https://www.hrw.org/ar/news/2012/11/26/248124
Morsi, Mohamed. 2012. "Mohamed Morsi — Constitutional Declaration of 22 Nov 2012, Article 2 (presidential declarations/laws/decrees made final and immune from any judicial appeal until a new constitution and parliament) and Article 6 (sweeping powers to "protect the revolution"). Decree text quoted verbatim by Human Rights Watch (Arabic), cross-confirmed against Marefa's full reproduction.." [Original language: AR] hrw.org. Accessed June 22, 2026. https://www.hrw.org/ar/news/2012/11/26/248124.
@misc{doc-document-bd395cfd-5d72-4942-9442-ab415fe0bd6a,
author = {Morsi, Mohamed},
title = {Mohamed Morsi — Constitutional Declaration of 22 Nov 2012, Article 2 (presidential declarations/laws/decrees made final and immune from any judicial appeal until a new constitution and parliament) and Article 6 (sweeping powers to "protect the revolution"). Decree text quoted verbatim by Human Rights Watch (Arabic), cross-confirmed against Marefa's full reproduction.},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-11-22},
howpublished = {Online; hosted at hrw.org},
url = {https://www.hrw.org/ar/news/2012/11/26/248124},
urldate = {2026-06-22},
language = {ar},
note = {Retrieved via Tayyar at https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/documents/bd395cfd-5d72-4942-9442-ab415fe0bd6a},
} Retrieved via Tayyar: https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/documents/bd395cfd-5d72-4942-9442-ab415fe0bd6a on June 22, 2026. Tayyar is a research host for primary sources, not the author of this document.